Compound and Double Angle Formulas

Apply compound angle and double angle identities at A-Level. Prove identities and solve equations.

Compound and double angle formulas express trig functions of sums and multiples of angles. They're essential for proving identities and solving trig equations at A-Level.

Compound Angle Formulas

sin⁡(A±B)=sin⁡Acos⁡B±cos⁡Asin⁡B\sin(A \pm B) = \sin A\cos B \pm \cos A\sin B cos⁡(A±B)=cos⁡Acos⁡B∓sin⁡Asin⁡B\cos(A \pm B) = \cos A\cos B \mp \sin A\sin B tan⁡(A±B)=tan⁡A±tan⁡B1∓tan⁡Atan⁡B\tan(A \pm B) = \frac{\tan A \pm \tan B}{1 \mp \tan A\tan B}

Double Angle Formulas

sin⁡2A=2sin⁡Acos⁡A\sin 2A = 2\sin A\cos A cos⁡2A=cos⁡2A−sin⁡2A=2cos⁡2A−1=1−2sin⁡2A\cos 2A = \cos^2 A - \sin^2 A = 2\cos^2 A - 1 = 1 - 2\sin^2 A tan⁡2A=2tan⁡A1−tan⁡2A\tan 2A = \frac{2\tan A}{1 - \tan^2 A}

Useful Rearrangements

cos⁡2A=1+cos⁡2A2\cos^2 A = \frac{1 + \cos 2A}{2} and sin⁡2A=1−cos⁡2A2\sin^2 A = \frac{1 - \cos 2A}{2} (useful for integration).

Worked Example: Example 1

Problem

Find exact value of cos⁡75°=cos⁡(45°+30°)\cos 75° = \cos(45° + 30°).

=cos⁡45°cos⁡30°−sin⁡45°sin⁡30°=22⋅32−22⋅12=6−24= \cos 45°\cos 30° - \sin 45°\sin 30° = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}}{4}

Solution

Worked Example: Example 2

Problem

Solve cos⁡2x=1−3sin⁡x\cos 2x = 1 - 3\sin x for 0≤x≤2π0 \leq x \leq 2\pi.

1−2sin⁡2x=1−3sin⁡x1 - 2\sin^2 x = 1 - 3\sin x → 2sin⁡2x−3sin⁡x=02\sin^2 x - 3\sin x = 0 → sin⁡x(2sin⁡x−3)=0\sin x(2\sin x - 3) = 0.

sin⁡x=0\sin x = 0 → x=0,π,2πx = 0, \pi, 2\pi. sin⁡x=32\sin x = \frac{3}{2} — impossible.

Solution

Practice Problems

    1. Prove sin⁡2A1+cos⁡2A=tan⁡A\frac{\sin 2A}{1 + \cos 2A} = \tan A.
    1. Find the exact value of sin⁡15°\sin 15°.
    1. Solve 3cos⁡2θ+sin⁡θ=13\cos 2\theta + \sin\theta = 1 for 0≤θ≤360°0 \leq \theta \leq 360°.

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Key Takeaways

  • ✓

    Compound: sin⁡(A+B),cos⁡(A+B),tan⁡(A+B)\sin(A+B), \cos(A+B), \tan(A+B).

  • ✓

    Double angle: set B=AB = A in compound formulas.

  • ✓

    cos⁡2A\cos 2A has three forms — choose based on context.

  • ✓

    These are used for proving identities, solving equations, and integration.

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