An inference is a conclusion drawn from evidence and reasoning — not directly stated in the text. The Digital SAT tests your ability to make logical inferences based on what is implied rather than explicitly said.
Core Concepts
What Is an Inference?
An inference bridges the gap between what the text says and what it implies. It must be:
- Supported by the text (not just your opinion)
- Logical (a reasonable conclusion from the evidence)
- Not too extreme (avoid answers that go beyond what the text supports)
Stated vs. Implied
- Stated: directly written in the passage.
- Implied: suggested by the evidence but not explicitly said.
Types of Inference Questions
- "It can be inferred that..."
- "The passage most strongly suggests that..."
- "Based on the passage, it is reasonable to conclude that..."
Strategy Tips
Tip 1: Stay Close to the Text
The correct inference is always supported by specific evidence in the passage. Never bring in outside knowledge.
Tip 2: Eliminate Extreme Answers
Words like "always," "never," "all," "none" often signal too-extreme inferences.
Tip 3: Find the Evidence
For every inference you consider, point to the specific part of the text that supports it.
Tip 4: Choose the Most Conservative Answer
The SAT favours moderate, well-supported inferences over dramatic leaps.
Worked Example: Example 1
Text: "After the factory closed, many residents left town, and several local businesses shut down."
Inference: The factory was important to the town's economy. ✓ (Supported by the consequences described.)
Not an inference: The factory closed because of pollution. ✗ (No evidence for the reason.)
Worked Example: Example 2
Text: "The scientist published her findings despite pressure from her colleagues to wait for more data."
Inference: The scientist valued timely disclosure of her results. ✓
Not: The scientist's colleagues were trying to suppress her findings. ✗ (Too extreme.)
Practice Problems
Problem 1
Given a short passage, identify which of four inferences is best supported.
Problem 2
Distinguish between a stated fact and a reasonable inference from the same passage.
Want to check your answers and get step-by-step solutions?
Common Mistakes
- Choosing an answer based on outside knowledge rather than the passage.
- Selecting an overly extreme conclusion. The SAT prefers moderate inferences.
- Confusing inference with assumption. An inference must be supported; an assumption may not be.
Key Takeaways
Inferences must be text-based — supported by specific evidence in the passage.
Avoid extremes — choose the most reasonable, moderate conclusion.
Stated ≠ inferred. Inference questions ask about what's implied, not directly said.
Always be able to point to the evidence that supports your inference.