The Digital SAT tests your ability to evaluate whether a conclusion logically follows from the information in a passage. These questions ask you to assess the strength of an argument, identify assumptions, or determine what can (and cannot) be concluded from the evidence presented.
Core Concepts
Valid Conclusions
A conclusion is valid if it follows logically from the evidence. It should be:
- Supported by the information given.
- Not too broad (doesn't overstate what the evidence shows).
- Not too narrow (doesn't ignore relevant evidence).
Assumptions
An assumption is an unstated belief that the argument depends on. Identifying assumptions helps evaluate argument strength.
Strengthening and Weakening Arguments
- Evidence that supports the conclusion strengthens the argument.
- Evidence that contradicts or provides an alternative explanation weakens it.
Strategy Tips
Tip 1: Identify the Conclusion and Evidence
Separate what the author concludes from the evidence they provide.
Tip 2: Ask "Does This Actually Follow?"
Just because A and B are correlated doesn't mean A causes B.
Tip 3: Check for Gaps
Are there alternative explanations? Is the evidence sufficient?
Tip 4: Eliminate Unsupported Conclusions
If an answer choice goes beyond what the passage provides, it's likely wrong.
Worked Example: Example 1
Passage states: Studies show that students who eat breakfast score higher on tests. Conclusion: Schools should provide breakfast.
This conclusion requires the assumption that the relationship is causal and that school-provided breakfast would have the same effect.
Worked Example: Example 2
Which finding would weaken the argument that a new drug is effective?
A study showing similar results with a placebo would weaken the argument.
Key Takeaways
Valid conclusions are supported by evidence and not too extreme.
Identify assumptions the argument depends on.
Look for alternative explanations that could weaken the argument.
Correlation ≠ causation — this distinction is commonly tested.
Always base your answer on the passage, not outside knowledge.
