Kinematics with Calculus

Apply differentiation and integration to motion problems for IB Maths.

Calculus connects displacement, velocity, and acceleration in kinematics. This is tested in both IB Math AA and AI.

Relationships

v=dsdtv = \frac{ds}{dt}, a=dvdt=d2sdt2a = \frac{dv}{dt} = \frac{d^2s}{dt^2}

s=vdts = \int v\,dt, v=adtv = \int a\,dt

Key Takeaways

  • Particle at rest: v=0v = 0.

  • Maximum displacement: v=0v = 0 and changes sign.

  • Total distance: vdt\int |v|\,dt (split where vv changes sign).

  • Displacement: vdt\int v\,dt (can be negative).

Worked Example

v=6tt2v = 6t - t^2. When at rest? t(6t)=0t(6-t) = 0t=0t = 0 or t=6t = 6.

Max velocity: a=62t=0a = 6 - 2t = 0t=3t = 3. vmax=9v_{max} = 9.

Displacement from t=0t=0 to t=6t=6: 06(6tt2)dt=[3t2t33]06=10872=36\int_0^6 (6t-t^2)\,dt = [3t^2 - \frac{t^3}{3}]_0^6 = 108 - 72 = 36.

Practice Problems

    1. s=t36t2+9ts = t^3 - 6t^2 + 9t. Find when the particle is at rest.
    1. a=42ta = 4 - 2t, v(0)=5v(0) = 5. Find v(t)v(t) and when the particle changes direction.

Want to check your answers and get step-by-step solutions?

Get it on Google PlayDownload on the App Store

Key Takeaways

  • Differentiate ssvvaa. Integrate: reverse.

  • At rest: v=0v = 0. Max displacement: v=0v = 0 and sign change.

  • Distance ≠ displacement (distance = vdt\int |v|\,dt).

Ready to Ace Your IB maths?

Get instant step-by-step solutions to any problem. Snap a photo and learn with Tutor AI — your personal exam prep companion.

Get it on Google PlayDownload on the App Store