Simultaneous Equations

Solve simultaneous equations by elimination and substitution for GCSE Maths, including linear-linear and linear-quadratic pairs.

Simultaneous equations are two (or more) equations that must be satisfied at the same time. Finding the solution means finding values that work in both equations.

Method 1: Elimination

Make the coefficients of one variable the same, then add or subtract.

2x+3y=122x + 3y = 12 ... (1) 4x−3y=64x - 3y = 6 ... (2)

Add: 6x=186x = 18 → x=3x = 3. Substitute: 6+3y=126 + 3y = 12 → y=2y = 2.

Method 2: Substitution

Rearrange one equation and substitute into the other.

y=2x+1y = 2x + 1 ... (1) 3x+y=113x + y = 11 ... (2)

Substitute (1) into (2): 3x+2x+1=113x + 2x + 1 = 11 → 5x=105x = 10 → x=2x = 2, y=5y = 5.

Linear-Quadratic Simultaneous Equations (Higher)

y=x+3y = x + 3 ... (1) x2+y2=25x^2 + y^2 = 25 ... (2)

Substitute: x2+(x+3)2=25x^2 + (x+3)^2 = 25 → 2x2+6x+9=252x^2 + 6x + 9 = 25 → 2x2+6x−16=02x^2 + 6x - 16 = 0 → x2+3x−8=0x^2 + 3x - 8 = 0

Use the quadratic formula.

Graphical Interpretation

The solution is the point where the two lines (or line and curve) intersect.

Practice Problems

    1. Solve: 3x+2y=163x + 2y = 16 and x−2y=−4x - 2y = -4.
    1. Solve: y=3x−1y = 3x - 1 and 2x+y=92x + y = 9.
    1. Solve: y=x+1y = x + 1 and x2+y2=13x^2 + y^2 = 13.

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Key Takeaways

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    Elimination: make coefficients equal, add/subtract.

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    Substitution: express one variable, plug into the other equation.

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    Linear-quadratic: always use substitution.

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    Always check by substituting back into both equations.

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