The Unit Circle and Trig Functions

Work with the unit circle and extend trig functions beyond right triangles for the ACT.

The unit circle extends trigonometry beyond right triangles. ACT questions may test radian measure, trig values at standard angles, and signs by quadrant.

Core Concepts

The Unit Circle

Radius 1, centred at origin. Point at angle θ\theta: (cosθ,sinθ)(\cos\theta, \sin\theta).

Radians

π\pi radians = 180°. Convert: degrees × π180\frac{\pi}{180}.

Standard Angle Values

Degrees Radians sin\sin cos\cos
0 0 1
30° π6\frac{\pi}{6} 12\frac{1}{2} 32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}
45° π4\frac{\pi}{4} 22\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} 22\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}
60° π3\frac{\pi}{3} 32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} 12\frac{1}{2}
90° π2\frac{\pi}{2} 1 0

ASTC (Signs by Quadrant)

Q1: All +. Q2: Sin +. Q3: Tan +. Q4: Cos +.

Practice Problems

    1. Convert 225° to radians.
    1. Find cos(5π6)\cos(\frac{5\pi}{6}).
    1. In which quadrant is sinθ<0\sin\theta < 0 and cosθ<0\cos\theta < 0?

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Key Takeaways

  • (cosθ,sinθ)(\cos\theta, \sin\theta) on the unit circle.

  • Memorize values for 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°.

  • ASTC for signs by quadrant.

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